Welcome the derek - and yes this is possible. You can do it two different ways. You can either have two different profiles in OUTLOOK. Or you can set up two different users on the PC.
The two different users on the PC is the simplest method and both of you have completely separate sets of data on one computer, though you can also choose to share files and folders. You need only install OUTLOOK for one user, and then any user on that PC also has their own OUTLOOK program with their own unique data.
If you don't want to be switching users, then you can set up two different OUTLOOK profiles and each profile has its own set of OUTLOOK data.
Here is a good explanation of OUTLOOK profiles:
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook/HA011471581033.aspx